RENAL SCHOOL-EXAM MASTERY
YEAR 2 | PAGE 23C - CLEARANCE, URINALYSIS, ELECTROLYTES + PROBLEM-SOLVING
C. WHAT SCHOOL EXAMS COMMONLY REQUIRE
| Resource | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|
| GFR / clearance | Creatinine/inulin/PAH concepts, clearance equations, RPF/RBF, filtration fraction and afferent/efferent perturbations. | |
| Nephron transport | Segment transporters, hormonal regulation, free-water clearance, concentrating/diluting urine and diuretic targets. | |
| Volume / osmolality | Hypo-/hypervolemia, serum/urine osmolality, urine sodium, ADH/RAAS logic and edema physiology. | |
| Electrolytes | Hyponatremia/hypernatremia, hypo-/hyperkalemia, calcium/phosphate/magnesium patterns and ECG/clinical consequences. | |
| Acid-base / RTA | Anion gap, Winter-style compensation logic, urine pH/urine anion gap and distal/proximal/type 4 RTA distinctions. | |
| AKI / CKD | Prerenal/intrinsic/postrenal localization; FENa/FEUrea concepts, sediment patterns, CKD complications and dialysis indications. | |
| Urinalysis / glomeruli | Protein, blood, casts, crystals, specific gravity and nephritic/nephrotic disease with microscopy/IF/EM clues. | |
| Renal pharm | Diuretics, ACE-I/ARB/RAAS effects, nephrotoxins, renal dosing and predictable electrolyte/acid-base adverse effects. |
E. RENAL ERROR-LOG TAXONOMY — HEMODYNAMIC - wrong GFR/RBF/FF direction. TRANSPORT - wrong nephron segment/diuretic target. FLUID/ELECTROLYTE - wrong volume/osmolality or ion logic. ACID-BASE - primary process/compensation/RTA. URINE/PATH - sediment or glomerular pattern. THERAPY - renal dosing/drug consequence.
SCHOOL-EXAM GATE Proceed when you can predict serum and urine changes before answer choices, localize kidney injury from labs/urinalysis, solve clearance/electrolyte/acid-base problems, and explain how a renal drug or hemodynamic change produces the observed pattern. VIDEO-FIRST | SCHOOL-EXAM + BOARD-EXAM MASTERY