SCHOOL-EXAM + PROBLEM-SOLVING MASTERY
YEAR 1 | PAGE 17C - CALCULATIONS, BIAS, SCREENING + LITERATURE INTERPRETATION
C. WHAT SCHOOL EXAMS COMMONLY REQUIRE
| Resource | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|
| Study design | Identify sampling direction, intervention vs observation, prospective/retrospective logic, hierarchy of evidence and the correct measure of association. |
C. WHAT SCHOOL EXAMS COMMONLY REQUIRE — Risk + disease frequency Incidence vs prevalence; RR, OR, ARR/ARI, RRR, attributable risk, NNT/NNH; interpret the number in words, not only as a
formula.
C. WHAT SCHOOL EXAMS COMMONLY REQUIRE — Risk + disease frequency Incidence vs prevalence; RR, OR, ARR/ARI, RRR, attributable risk, NNT/NNH; interpret the number in words, not only as a
| Resource | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|
| Diagnostic tests | 2x2 tables, sensitivity/specificity, PPV/NPV, cutoff shifts, screening vs confirmation and the effect of prevalence. | |
| Inference | Mean/median, variance/SD/SEM, normal distributions, CI, p-values, Type I/II error, power and conceptual test selection. | |
| Bias + validity | Selection/information/recall/observer biases, confounding, effect modification, randomization/blinding and internal vs external validity. | |
| EBM / abstracts | PICO, endpoints, effect size, forest plots, systematic reviews/meta-analysis, applicability and patient-centered interpretation. |
D. 7-DAY SCHOOL-EXAM REVIEW CYCLE
| Resource | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|
| Days 1-2 | Study design + epidemiologic measures. Work stems by first naming how participants were selected, then choose RR vs OR vs prevalence/incidence. | |
| Days 3-4 | Diagnostic testing + screening. Draw the 2x2 table from memory; drill prevalence/cutoff shifts and screening vs confirmatory logic. | |
| Day 5 | Inference + bias. Interpret CI/p-value/power and classify bias/confounding/effect modification using unfamiliar scenarios. | |
| Day 6 | Timed mixed calculation + abstract block. Require a one-sentence interpretation for every numeric answer. | |
| Day 7 | Error-driven re-test with NEW problems; update one-page formula/interpretation sheet only with recurring misses. |
D. 7-DAY SCHOOL-EXAM REVIEW CYCLE — E. BIOSTATS / EBM ERROR-LOG TAXONOMY
- Design-selection gap - confused how subjects were sampled or what the study can estimate.
- Denominator gap - knew the formula name but used the wrong population in the denominator.
- Direction/interpretation gap - calculated correctly but reversed exposure/outcome or misread what the statistic means.
- Validity gap - identified an association but missed bias, confounding, attrition or lack of generalizability.
- Inference gap - treated p-value, confidence interval, power, significance and clinical importance as interchangeable.
D. 7-DAY SCHOOL-EXAM REVIEW CYCLE — SCHOOL-EXAM GATE
Proceed when you can solve unseen calculation and interpretation problems without a formula prompt, identify the dominant validity threat, and explain every result in plain clinical language. A correct number without a correct interpretation is not mastery. VIDEO-FIRST | SCHOOL-EXAM + BOARD-EXAM MASTERY